What theory did Lev Vygotsky develop?

Lev Vygotsky developed the social development theory of learning, which emphasizes the fundamental role that social interaction plays in the development of cognition. Vygotsky believed that community and cultural context are crucial in shaping an individual’s cognitive abilities. He introduced key concepts such as the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which highlights the difference between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a knowledgeable other.

This theory posits that learning is a social process, asserting that individuals learn best when they are engaged in social contexts that encourage collaborative activities. Vygotsky's ideas contrast sharply with more individualistic theories of learning, reiterating the importance of social influences and communication in cognitive development.

His approach includes the idea that language is a critical tool for thought and that through interaction with peers and adults, children internalize the cultural tools and practices of their society. This perspective showcases the sociocultural influences on a child’s growth, reinforcing the notion that learning is deeply rooted in social relationships.