What role does myelin play in brain development?

Myelin plays a crucial role in brain development by providing protection and insulation for nerve fibers, or axons, which are the connections between neurons. This fatty substance enhances the speed and efficiency of electrical impulses traveling along the axon, facilitating faster communication between neurons. By ensuring that signals are transmitted rapidly and efficiently, myelin supports the overall functioning of the nervous system, including cognitive and motor functions.

Effective insulation provided by myelin also reduces the loss of electrical signals, which is essential for proper neuronal communication. The process of myelination is particularly important during childhood and adolescence, as it coincides with significant brain growth and the development of various cognitive and behavioral skills. As myelin sheaths develop around axons, this promotes not only the speed of communication but also the overall maturation of neural circuits within the brain.