What is the second conflict in Erikson’s psychosocial stages?

The second conflict in Erikson’s psychosocial stages is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. This stage typically occurs between the ages of 1 and 3 years and focuses on a child's growing sense of independence and their ability to exercise control over their environment and themselves. During this stage, toddlers begin to assert their will, making choices about personal care, such as dressing and toileting. When caregivers encourage this independence, children develop a sense of autonomy, which contributes positively to their self-esteem and confidence.

Conversely, if caregivers are overly controlling or critical, children may experience feelings of shame and doubt about their abilities. This conflict is crucial as it lays the groundwork for how children will approach autonomy in later stages of development, influencing their self-efficacy and independence as they grow. The mastery of this stage fosters a sense of security and confidence in one's ability to make decisions and navigate challenges in life.